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Poorer, angrier, divided: South Africa after 30 years of the ANC

Addressing South Africa’s parliament this month, President Ramaphosa tried to describe the progress made by his party, the African National Congress, through the experience of a fictitious young black woman born 30 years ago, as the country moved from apartheid to democracy.

That woman, he told sceptical MPs, had lived a life her parents could only have dreamt about. She would have received a child support grant, free healthcare, lived in a house built by the state, with free water and electricity. College education was also free, and the government’s affirmative action policies ensured she landed a well-paying job, or even started her own business.

But what the president was saying, as the opposition was quick to point out, was a figment of his imagination.

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