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Greenland Is the Flashpoint: China and Russia Test NATO, Canada, and Indigenous Arctic Jurisdictions

OTTAWA — The Arctic is no longer a margin. It is a hinge. It anchors nuclear deterrence, opens future maritime routes, and holds resources vital to global economies.

Over time, NATO Arctic countries have deployed forces, conducted exercises, and invested in infrastructure, but these measures have not kept pace with Russian and Chinese activity, evolving operational risks, and shifting environmental dynamics. Russian under-ice submarine operations, Chinese dual-use activity, and growing pressure on Arctic infrastructure are expanding as ice coverage shifts and navigable waters increase.

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