Analysis finds Canadian slave ownership rare for whites, historically indigenous

Colonial Canada had less than 7,400 slaves before its abolition in 1834, a practice the Indigenous kept both before and afterwards.

A recent historic analysis finds most French Canadian slaves were indigenous, and that Canada’s record fares much better than its neighbors to the south.

Slavery in Canada: The facts rarely told” by Majorie Gunn for the Aristotle Foundation for Public Policy says North America had “39 distinct slave societies” in North America before Columbus arrived in 1492. When New France acquired slaves, many were available through a system of native alliances that brought them from Chesapeake Bay and the Great Lakes, but also from as far away as the Missouri River Basin and the Upper Mississippi River. 

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Canada’s Anti-Slavery Legacy Is a History Worth Celebrating

Aboriginal slavers Canada

As Trump’s trade wars continue, we’ve seen more Canadian flags flying than during the Trudeau years, when flags on federal buildings flew at half-mast amid self-flagellation over “our country’s historical failures.”

But few Canadians are aware that four years ago, Parliament voted unanimously to designate Aug. 1 as Emancipation Day to commemorate Britain’s Slavery Abolition Act of 1834, which ended human bondage in the British Empire (which at the time included Upper and Lower Canada). This happened three decades before the United States ended slavery, at the cost of a devastating Civil War, and many decades before many African states such as Mauritania (1901) and Ethiopia (1942) officially—but often not effectively—declared the practice illegal.

Related …

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Geoff Russ: Sorry, progressives, Canada wasn’t ‘built on slavery’ like the U.S.

The deeply uncomfortable truth is that much of the slavery that took place in Canada was done by First Nations

Spurred on by the so-called reckonings over racism in the United States and its legacy of slavery, many Canadian activists have attempted to import America’s divisive racial politics into Canada. However, examining slavery in Canada on its own terms and in good faith does not result in an identical discourse.

A report released Wednesday by the Aristotle Foundation for Public Policy — titled, “Slavery in Canada: The Facts Rarely Told” — is a fascinating and grim study into the country’s dark history of trafficking in human beings.


Here is the study in pdf format:   Slavery in Canada

h/t Patti Jo

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Slavery in Canada: The facts rarely told

Executive summary

This study summarizes the key facts on slavery in Canada, from the colonial period to slavery’s eradication in British Columbia over four centuries later.

In early Canada, indigenous slave-trading networks were robust:

Before the transatlantic slave trade, in pre-Columbian North America alone there were at least 39 distinct slave societies.
By the late 17th century, up to two-thirds of the population of some Iroquois communities consisted of “adoptees”—that is, captives.
A system of native alliances traded slaves to the colonists of New France from as far away as the Missouri River basin, Upper Mississippi, the Great Lakes, and Chesapeake Bay.
Well into the 19th century, indigenous networks traded slaves along the Pacific Coast and Columbia River, with only minimal involvement of Europeans.
Thus, it makes sense that about 64 percent of all the slaves held by Europeans in New France from the mid-17th century to 1834 (when slavery was fully abolished in the British Empire) were indigenous; 34.5 percent were African. Using the upper estimates of historians, the grand total of all slaves held in Canada across that period numbered 7,000 to 7,500. For comparison, more than thirteen hundred times that many souls—nearly 10,000,000—were enslaved from 1619-1865 in the United States.

Despite opposition from slave-owning legislators, Upper Canada passed the first legislation in the British Empire to end slavery—15 years before Britain outlawed the slave trade, 41 years before Britain abolished slavery in the West Indies, and 72 years before the States settled the issue on the battlefield. Thus, if by “Canada” we mean the country confederated in 1867, the fact is that slavery has never been legal here; all legal Canadian slavery was pre-Confederation.

Moreover, Canada welcomed over 30,000 African-Americans who escaped slavery and found freedom at the northern terminus of the Underground Railroad.

Yet, indigenous slavery was not fully stamped out in British Columbia until near the turn of the 20th century. And human trafficking remains a grave evil facing Canadian society today.

On balance, Canada’s history and record on slavery deserve to be cherished and celebrated.

Slavery in Canada

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Indigenous Slavers: American Indians Who Whipped and Owned Blacks

You won’t learn about Indigenous slaveholders from our textbooks.

As leftists look to cancel Christopher Columbus and today’s annual holiday commemorating him — that is, the man who discovered this land that is the United States of America — they’re also looking to replace the great explorer with a day of their own. That new day for these cultural revolutionaries, celebrated all the way up to the level of their president, one Joseph Robinette Biden, is something called Indigenous Peoples’ Day.

How ironic this is.

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